Political science 1 quiz questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political science 1 quiz questions - Essay Example This caused the basis of an ever changing government that could adapt to new definitions of justice in the future. For example, the United States has a Constitution that can be amended, as with the Thirteenth Amendment that abolished slavery. The second ideal that Plato gave the revolutionaries was the concept of every individual had a talent, and should be able to follow that talent despite being nobility or peasant. While Plato’s ideas about talent in The Republic were used by the revolutionaries, Marx based some of his views on this concept as well. In Marx’s view, each individual should do what they were talented at. If a brawny soldier had the soul of a poet, they would still be sent to war in a Marxist society. Both democracy and Marxism can find their roots in Plato’s The Republic. The Renaissance ideas that were used by the revolutionaries were the doubt about monarchies, nobility, and peasants. The Renaissance brought the idea that everyone had the right to be free and enjoy life, whether born nobility or peasant. The ideal of equality coming from the Renaissance caused both the United States and France to create legislative bodies, constitutions, and create a democratic government that has endured since both revolutions. Voltaire, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, George Washington, John Jay, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Warren G. Harding created governments based on Antiquity and Renaissance ideas. Both the French and American Revolutions were violent. However, the men behind the violence were intelligent organizers that created two new governments. 2) What are the main institutions of the Federal government? What document describes its form and function? What is the purpose and function of the three main institutions of the Federal government? What is the importance of the principles of â€Å"separation of powers†, â€Å"checks and

See the attachment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

See the attachment - Coursework Example More aggressive competitive pressures, coupled with drastic changes in the external environment have tested global organizations’ existence in the last few decades. DHL Company has sustained diverse challenges and remained successful through time. It is the objective of this essay to proffer a strategy assessment of DHL Company, as a global organization, with the specific aims of addressing the following concerns: (1) an identification of the organization’s companywide strategy; (2) a determination of the specific aspect of the strategy being focused on; (3) the competitive advantages of DHL; (4) the competitive strategies employed; and (5) an exploration of any identified issues on global management. The analysis of the organization would be used analytical tools such as SWOT and PESTLE analysis for a more comprehensive illustration of its competitive advantage on a global scale. Brief Executive Overview The management report is designed to proffer an assessment of the global strategy of DHL to be â€Å"The Logistics Company for the World† (DHL: Corporate Portrait, 2010) where focus would be on logistics and mail. ... tions in Asia in a move linked to the inauguration of its expanded central Asia hub in Hong Kong and the launch of its north Asia hub in Shanghai† (Wallis, 2008, p. 38). By identifying and enumerating the organization’s internal resources and the factors that influence its external environment through both SWOT and PESTLE analyses, the report would clearly indicate the viability of the global strategy to sustain leadership in the logistics industry. Short introduction to the organisation and its markets DHL Company boasts of being â€Å"an express shipping multinational company operating in diverse countries and territories around the globe† (DHL:About us, 2010, par 1). The official site of DHL revealed its â€Å"expertise in international express, air and ocean freight, road and rail transportation, contract logistics and international mail services to its customers. A global network composed of more than 220 countries and territories and 300,000 employees wor ldwide offers customers superior service quality and local knowledge to satisfy their supply chain requirements† (DHL: About us, 2010, par. 1).  DHL operates in countries such as Hawaii, the Far East, Middle East, Africa and Europe, and now reached 220 countries in all. DHL’s operations focus on four major divisions such as: DHL Express (global dispatch and delivery of parcel and express shipments); DHL Supply Chain (customized, IT-based solutions); DHL Freight (national and international transport solutions); DHL Global Forwarding (air and ocean freight and a project logistics services provider operating worldwide) (DHL: Company Portrait, 2010). The incredible growth story of the organization utilized exemplary leadership, high quality of service at competitive price. The growth and geographic

The History Of Law Enforcement Criminology Essay

The History Of Law Enforcement Criminology Essay   Depending on where it is in the world, there is some type of law enforcement that plays a role in the community, or even in everyday life. Law enforcement is not some new concept or anything like that; it has been around in multiple shapes and forms from early civilizations to present day ones, other ways to examine it would be the people who were some of the first police forces as well as its introduction into America and other factors leading up to how it is present day. Although there were several civilizations that used law enforcement, it was said to be argued that Egypt, the first known civilization, was a police state. Although it is also widely accepted that the Roman Vigiles were the first organized police force. While each country, used a different method for how they enforced laws.  Ã‚  From the earliest known method, was kin policing, which was what basically said that the offenders family would have the responsibility with punishing said offender, whether it be brandishing or capture, or even mutilation.  Besides this, another recognized solution to problem, was simple mediation. Other forms of enforcement would come from places like Africa and Greece, where in Africa they would have trials were done while sitting down on three legged stools, and in Greece where they had jury trials. Sparta would have Mercenary systems. The Middle Ages would have either no system of law enforcement or one of two systems, but instead (depending on where it was in the world) it would end up being a watch system which is volunteering to patrol streets from sunset to rise. One of the two aforementioned systems was the Gendarme System; one that would be located in French and some Romantic speaking countries. Gendarmes (which in English could be labeled as marshal or inspector) can travel anywhere to bring people to justice, and are also agents of the crown. The pay for Gendarmes is based upon their performance during the actual job. Another system that was located in England, named the Pledge System, was a system where people were in charge of their police work, but instead of volunteering they are required to do at least some kind of police work, unless excused by someone who appoints people as constables. Although in several cultures, People were volunteer watchmen, this was not always the case, and there were several groups of people who wound up becoming a part of law enforcement simply due to them being ordered to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the birth of civilization in Mesopotamia, several cities were constantly in a state of welfare, and literally were looking at people and trying to select them based upon which of them had the closest appearance to a police officer. Nubian slaves, wound up being be the first police force, and would act as marketplace and Praetorian guards, or other mercenary like jobs. One of the reasons behind their selection was that they physically stood out compared to other Mesopotamians, and they believed that visibility was a principle to crime control. Similar to how Nubian slaves were used as policemen, so would the Scythian slaves from ancient Greece, the 300 of them had been bought after a war, and would then be charged with keeping peace and order in public places. Although Nubian Slaves were the first police force, as some would say, Roman Vigiles would be the first  organized  police force, a neither nonmilitary nor mercenary group. Created by the Grandnephew of Julius Caesar, who took the name Augustus Caesar, he would first create a Praetorian Guard, to protect him from assassination, divided into 9 groups of 1000 people each, however this would eventually backfire as the guard would begin to be involved in the assassination plots themselves, until disbanded or reabsorbed by the military. The roman emperor would also create a fire brigade, usually comprised of slaves and people who couldnt make it into the Praetorian guards, and served as a force to enforce fire safety during daytime hours, although they werent the best at it. Vigiles in a sense were a best of both worlds, and would fight fires, as well as act as law enforcement group and arrest law breakers. Although it should be noted that there had been a difference between actual police, and people who were actually doing the police duties, as being a policeman was said to be a lowly job, while the police authorities typically was a job for the higher me mbers of the social class. Watchmen would be one of the first figures of law enforcement in the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much of Americas institutions would be inherited from Great Britain; Law enforcement would be an example of this just as common law would also be adopted. The first Europeans upon landing on Americas shores for the first time would create a police force of all able-bodied men (even young boys) to protect themselves from others who did not wish to share land. Once things got situated as far as maintain order, law breakers could be seen in Pillories which were a wooden lock attached to a pole that one would have to put their arms and head through or stocks which were similar to pillories except instead of being locked to the ground by a pole they were only locked to the persons arms or legs (or both) and it was not attached to a pole meaning you could walk around , as punishment or repayment to society, this was called the Justice of the Peace system, only to become outdated as the towns turned into cities where it would become a paid police force. The Night watch, established in 1636 in the city of Boston which worked well while the area was a rural area. Sometime between the Revolutionary and Civil wars, the growth of population and industrialization in America caused the increased need for a municipal police department, but this would not be met until 1833, where in Philadelphia organized a 24 hour a day police force. And New York would have two forces, one for Day, and another for night. Although this was met with some backlash from the American people, who were wary of a full time Police force. When it came to inherited things, came the Sheriff system, typically selected by his reputation, he would become the chief law enforcement official and although it still exists today, its a more formal slash political version compared to its past self. In America, typically the places where change was typically made, or created for the   law enforcement was in places like New York City, Philadelphia, and Boston, although it would become widely accepted to have an education in order to become an officer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Schools that had classes that had to do with law enforcement such as police sciences, general law enforcement, and other criminal law programs were not uncommon prior to World War 1, this had also been similar to Europe where they would study crime as a whole. Institutions played a major role in the educational needs of the police service, and Educational Offices regarded them as the brightest hopes in higher education. From 1929 to 1932, the University of South Carolina had offered Police Courses, and Indiana would also offer four years for Police Science. Although typically seen as the good guys of law enforcement, with the adoption of investigators, came one of Law  enforcement bigger shames, Namely Corruption, which usually was caused by the police chiefs, who were appointed to political bosses, where the bosses or typically any individual who had an amount of money, or some other form of gain, would give donations to the chiefs, in order to have them overlook various affairs. Some of the acts that were associated with this were given several names, depending on what the gain was; a shakedown was the term for the overlooking affairs. Fixing was when an officer would withhold evidence or failing to appear at a judicial hearing, or for a personal favor. Planting things like drugs, or adding evidence that was not originally there was   called a frame-up and finally Ticket fixing, where if the receiver of the ticket was a family or friend, the officer would cancel it as a favor to the person. There are still several other terms and acts that have to do with Corruption, but those were a few of them. Police would be assigned to places like mentioned earlier; to a political figure, along the road to keep potential  never-do-wells from breaking the laws, such as speeding or drunk driving. The types of crime typically committed in a society and the methods used by criminals play a great part in determining a police forces activities. For instance, if criminals use firearms, the police are likely to be armed, or if criminals use computers to commit crimes, the police may establish a special unit dedicated to investigating  cyber-crimes.  Population plays an important role as well; policing rural areas and villages vastly differs from policing large cities. Foremost among the factors that determine a countrys system of policing. In a smaller community,  most people willingly obey most laws, whether a police officer is present or not. They comply with the laws because they consider them fair and because they believe that in the long run it is in their interest to observe them. In small communities in which most citizens know each other, people who live up to the communitys shared ideals are rewarded with the esteem of their fellow citizens, if a law is broken, they can be used as the subject of shame in the community, where on the opposite side, they can be rewarded for living up to the communities standards. This system of informal reward and penalties acts as a strong aid to law enforcement, although its typically stronger in a smaller community. In larger and more complex societies, informal institutions of social control are generally weaker, and, as a result, formal institutions are generally stronger. The relative weakness of informal controls is attributable to a number of factors. In large societies people often deal with strangers whom they will never meet again, and in such circumstances there may be fewer informal rewards for honesty or fewer informal penalties for dishonesty.                   Police span from the Early Mesopotamian and Egyptian eras, to the Middle Ages, and even present day, existing in some shape or form across the world with numerous changes in the way they looked, functioned, or even on how they obtained the job.   They had several predecessors in a sense, in the form of Nubian and Scythian slaves, Vigiles, and the night watch; they have had their ups and downs, such as the educational systems opinion of them, or the corrupt acts some of them have committed. All the same though, they remain as a active part of everyday life.

Comparing the Gothic Revival in England Before and After 1820 Essay

Comparing the Gothic Revival in England Before and After 1820 The Gothic revival in England before and after 1820 was very different in many ways. Before the start of the Gothic revival the mediaeval style, since the last Gothic structure in 1509 of Henry VII ’s chapel, was seen as irrational and illogical and as one man described it as barbaric. This was one of the main causes that the mediaeval buildings of the 18th century fell into disrepair. During the Cromwellian period many Gothic buildings were classical in the interior and church interiors in the 17th century became increasingly boring and plain. Many statues, altars and windows were destroyed. Some attempts at gothic architecture were made in 17th century but many were a mix-match of ideas. Even though in the early1600’s there was an early flowering of mediaeval architecture with the Kings College in Cambridge. This carried on in to the 18th century where more and more people dabbled in the gothic style with out a full understanding of how gothic architecture worked as a structural system. They confused stages of the gothic period, which were later defined by Thomas Rickman in is writing, and also used Classical forms such as pilaster and venetian windows. Many interiors were of a classical form a layout and some times other style were thrown in. Some gothic forms were even used on the exterior of building where they didn’t perform the function they were meant to. This shows how little the architects of the 18th century studied the mediaeval and how little they understood it. The interest of Gothic grew more and more as gothic was seen to stimulate the imagination. It was seen as part of English romantic tradition, which sparked off an interest in artificial ruins in landscape design of the 18th century. Which was used as a means of heightening the atmosphere of the garden. An example of some artificial ruins is that of Wimpole hall designed by James Essex in 1768. Another inspirational architect in this time was William Kent. His designs using ogee pointed arches with a classical cornice inspired Batty Langley to produce a study in which he analyzed Gothic in terms of classical orders. A comparison with true mediaeval and Gothic architecture at this time shows that at this time all Gothic architecture was a decorative style to be applied as ornament to regular structures and s... .... After the houses of parliament burnt down the chosen style was Gothic not Classical. Pugin undertook all of the interior work. Another example was Scarisbirck Hall in Southport built in 1837 the great hall was with a timber framed roof with no classical plaster ceilings and it was all based on knowledge of the mediaeval architecture and all materials used were true. Pugin’s own house in St. Marie’s Grange built in1835 is based mediaeval vernacular forms it is stone built simplified Gothic and it used the theory of fitness for purpose. With regard to his house and his other works he said ‘a picturesque that arises out of strict utility’. John Ruskin(1819-1900) was very influential, his writings ‘Seven Lamps of Architecture’ influenced many people he had many similar view to Pugin apart from the fact he was Anglican and he led the way it their Gothic Revival. He also had a hope that there may be an acceptable style of iron architecture which may be developed so that Gothic could get a new lease of life. Works Cited: The Story of Architecture, Patrick Nuggins ,1996 History of Architecture Settings & Rituals, Spiro Kosof, 1985 Gothic Revival, Georg Germann, 1972

Aging Bill in PA

This course study will dwell on the subject of the House Bill 1935 in Pennsylvania, how it came to be and the contributing factors that necessitated its emergence as a bill of rights for the elderly. Likewise, this study shall review other related studies and find the current approaches and support mechanism it receives from various government agencies and representatives.Introduction:As an important factor in the lives of every individual, a roof over one’s head is a basic need that is a vital necessity to life. For many, it offers a form of security that can be a bulwark against fear of homelessness, institutionalization, and isolation (Comijs, et al, 1998:886).The elderly individuals in PA need an ideal laboratory to age in place considering that elderly household represents 31% of the nations 1.1M public housing households (Dolon and Blakely, 1989:31). It is understood that elderly individuals consider the home as a form of security that guards them against ill-treatment a nd invasion which is an indispensable factor in their retirement years.Throughout the 1960s, older Americans with lower income were accommodated through large number of developments that built traditional apartments. Public housing did not originally target older Americans at all (US-HR; 1981).This was considered adequate for the majority of low-income older residents; although this housing program does not provide the flexibility to allow residents to age in place, nor does it necessarily provide the range of housing options needed to serve the increasing share of frail seniors (US Nat’l Center for Assisted Living, 2001) (Pifer and Bronte, 1986).More recently though, the elderly resident population is changing radically, bringing new challenges to public housing providers (Kassner, 2005). Undeniably, the increasing adult population are not only poorer, they are also older and a disproportionate minority and female, and more likely to be alone (US Nat’l Center for Assi sted Living, 2001).These population demographics are increasing and as baby boomers age, the US government and the housing authorities will be faced with problems of providing appropriate and adequate facilities for them. The increasing need of frail seniors therefore needs to extend public housing as a large federal program offering housing assistance to low-income elders (US Nat’l Center for Assisted Living, 2001).Several case studies embarked on the successful developments planned by housing authorities to address the needs of their rapidly aging populations. Efforts were offered as a supportive mechanism for housing authorities to adopt new approaches in order to meet the needs of their elderly tenants (Pifer and Bronte: 1986).Some program of development were even dismissed and simply declared as ill-equipped to meet the residential and supportive service needs of their increasingly frail and diverse residents (Pifer and Bronte: 1986). Without such acceptable services, th e government is faced with an alternative of moving senior citizens into costly, isolated institutions (Schwartz, 2000).This remedy though was seen as giving a devastating effect that might develop into unnecessary institutionalization of elderly persons which was later considered far more costly than those offered in other settings.Public housing authorities across the country were then trying to find innovative ways to serve these tenants and are building partnerships with nonprofit organizations and with the state and local service providers.They tried finding new ways to raise capital for modernization and development, creating models that can guide other housing authorities grappling with similar situations (Schwartz, D.C. (2000).In answer, the Pennsylvania Housing Finance Agency in collaboration with the Department of Aging and the Department of Public Welfare under PA Bill 1935 aimed to provide appropriate housing and care needed by frail elderly and other benefits of enhance d senior services (HB 1935).The development of HB 1935Existing programs in the face of huge budget cuts have recognized the need to meet the shelter and service needs of the growing elderly population. This growing population is consisting of adult individuals well into the eighties and nineties who need a physically supportive environment that will sustain their needs.The government is suddenly faced with the pressing need to bring services to the existing developments that can no longer provide nor suit their frail physical condition.Faced with looming budget problems, several programs were stalled that ultimately empower the federal government to reassess the needs of the elderly individuals by fielding service coordinators to the assisted housing complexes across the country.Assumptions made by government authorities endorsed the idea that senior citizens who are growing frail will have to move to a different housing continuum as a housing option. Basically as older couples are sooner separated by illness or death, older individuals are also asked to transfer to single family homes, apartments, congregate living, assisted living and board and care homes (Brenton, 1983).Equally though, frail people are moved into nursing homes that vary according to their availability and affordability. Under this notion, housing options are differentiated by the types of services generally offered which includes the supportiveness of the setting in terms of accessibility features and design and competence of the persons to whom the housing is targeted (Holshouser, 1988).The response gathered by service coordinators however created a differing view which recognized the fact that frail, older persons do not necessarily have to move from one setting to another if they need assistance which has often resulted to health problems for them(US,APA:2002);(US-HR:1981).Studies were soon allowed to create a feasibility haven for dependent or dependent older persons who can live in a v ariety of settings, including their own homes and apartments, if the physical environment is made more supportive, caregivers are available to provide assistance and affordable services are accessible (Haber and Gratton, 1993).

Informative Speech Essay

A List of Informative Speech Topics: Pick Only Awesome Ideas! Just when you thing you’re way past through the question â€Å"How to write an essay?†, another one comes. That’s the thing students desperately Google like â€Å"What is a informative speech?† – and, believe experts, this is something you’ll definitely need some professional help in. Informative speaking is a speech on completely new issue. Tell your audience something they have never known! Now that you know the answer to the question â€Å"What is informative speaking?†, it’s time to check a great informative essay topics list – check the modern concerns and issues to deal with! A List of Informative Speech Topics: Healthcare and Medicine. First of all, check the informative essay topic ideas on health – that’s the hottest ticket for this season! The Variety of Healthy Lifestyle Choices: It Is Time to Take Care of Yourself; The Connection between Health and Happiness: Playing the â€Å"Glad† Game; Modern Health Care: New Issues, Approaches and Technologies; Mental Hygiene: Taking Proper Care of Your Brain; Healthy Eating vs. Eating Disorders: What Causes Anorexia and Bulimia and How to Fight Both; Healthy Habits and How to Acquire Them: Be Careful What You Eat; Healthy Child Development: New Trends and Theories. Holdd on – there’s a bunch of other topics for informative essay ahead! A List of Informative Speech Topics: Teaching. Education Issues In case you’re looking for a couple of informative topics for presentation of an educational issue, consider the following suggestions: Education in America vs. Education in Europe: The Differences and the Similarities; What Makes Education Important: The Praise of Literacy; Education and Unemployment: The Reasonability of Studying; The Difference between Education and Personality Development; Education Helps to Reach the Career Goals†¦ and Shape Them; Technological Advances in Promoting a Better Quality of Education; Current Issues in Education and the Means to Solve Them; Education in the Groups of ESL-Speakers: Challenges and Solutions. With these informative presentation topics, you are always on top! A List of Informative Speech Topics: in the Rhythm of Waltz. Among the most popular informative speaking topics, the ones concerning music must be really exciting. So why don’t you try some of these ideas: Musical Instruments and Character Peculiarities: The Melancholic Prefer Violins; The Role of Music in Society: A Means to Spur Creativity or Calm People Down? Music Therapy and Its effects: Another Panacea for the Humankind; Music as a Mixture of Art and Industry: the XXI Century Pop Culture; Musical Theater as the Most Unforgettable Experience: Something You Never Knew about It; The Most Notable Person in the Music History: Changing the World in a Moment; The Tendencies in the Music genres Development: XXI Century; Musical Expression: Definition and the Modern Interpretation. A List of Informative Speech Topics: What Makes Your Mouth Water In case you’re looking for the essay topics and ideas concerning nutrition, there’s a plenty of wonderful speeches for you to choose: The Most Exotic Food Ever: A Snapshoot of the World Culture; Food Additives, Their Effects and Threats: Be Careful What You Eat; Food Chains: the Mechanisms, the Efficiency and the Revenues; Providing Food Security: Learning What Meals Consist of; Food Habits in Different Countries: Learning the Peculiarities of Etiquette; Food and Nutrition: The Differences and the Similarities between the Two; Food Resources in Impoverished Countries: Solving the Problem. Follow these informative writing prompts, and you’ll create incredible essay writing topics! A List of Informative Speech Topics: Essay and Thesis Samples. Writing an essay, you’ll need a thesis– one of its most important elements, so take a glance at the thesis statement examples below: Thesis Statement #1 Because of the increasing impact which the R’n’B and Indi genres has on the audience, it can be suggested that the main tendency of the XXI century music is going to be a cross between the two. Thesis Statement #2 Despite the abundance of the information concerning the threat of environmental pollution, it is not the latter, but the lack of resources which is likely to threaten the humankind. Finally, check this excerpt — one of the best informative essay examples you can ever come across! [†¦] In the XXI Century, there is hardly a single sci-fi idea which has not been turned real yet. Even the craziest idea ever, the concept of invisibility was finally put into practice. However, despite the numerous achievements of the humankind, the ability to turn people or things transparent is yet a dream. However, with the help of the recent developments the dream is likely to turn into reality in the nearest future. The first issue which needs clarifying is the difference between invisibility and transparency. [†¦] Congratulations – now you’re ready to write the informative speech of your dream!